{"product_id":"geographic-information-science-third-international-conference-gi-science-2004-adelphi-md-usa-october-20-23-2004-proceedings-lecture-notes-in-computer-science-3234","title":"Geographic Information Science: Third International Conference, GI Science 2004 Adelphi, MD, USA, October 20-23, 2004 Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3234)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBook info:\u003c\/strong\u003e Geographic Information Science: Third International Conference, GI Science 2004 Adelphi, MD, USA, October 20-23, 2004 Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3234) (Paperback, 356 pages) – Springer, 2004. Language: English.\u003c\/p\u003e\n This section gives a description of notions used throughout this study. Current achievements in developing action-centered ontologies are also discussed. 2.1 Ontologies In the context of information extraction and retrieval, different kinds of ontologies can be distinguished [15]: • Top-level ontologies describe very general concepts like space and time, not depending on a particular domain, • Domain ontologies and task ontologies describe the vocabulary related to a generic domain or kind of task, detailing the terms used in the top-level ontology, • Application ontologies describe the concepts that depend on the particular domain and task within a specific activity. Several investigations have been conducted to bring actions (tasks) to bear on - tologies. Among them are Chandrasekaran et al. [6] and Mizoguchi et al. [23] in the fields of AI and Knowledge Engineering. For the geospatial domain, Kuhn [21] and Raubal and Kuhn [26] have attempted to support human actions in ontologies for transportation. Acknowledging the importance of human actions in the geographic domain, a research workshop was held in 2002, bringing together experts from diff- ent disciplines to share the knowledge and work on this issue [1]. Camara [5], one of the workshop participants, has proposed that action-driven spatial ontologies are formed via category theory, for the case of emergency action plans.  ","brand":"Max J. Egenhofer, Christian Freksa, Harvey J. Miller","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46070517301482,"sku":"9783540235583","price":48.11,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0714\/5301\/6298\/files\/51sFlruEf3L._SY522.jpg?v=1781267390","url":"https:\/\/textbookme.store\/products\/geographic-information-science-third-international-conference-gi-science-2004-adelphi-md-usa-october-20-23-2004-proceedings-lecture-notes-in-computer-science-3234","provider":"TextbookMe","version":"1.0","type":"link"}